1) Norse mythology, originating from the Scandinavian region, features gods and mythical creatures like Odin, Thor, Loki, and Valkyries. It explores themes of heroism, destiny, and the battle between gods and giants, with intricate tales recorded in texts such as the Prose Edda and Poetic Edda.

2) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.

3) The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in 1914 triggered the start of World War I.

4) The Olympic motto is "Citius, Altius, Fortius," which is Latin for "Faster, Higher, Stronger."