1) The ongoing conflict in Syria, which began in 2011, has resulted in a humanitarian crisis, displacement of millions of people, and international efforts to bring about a resolution and provide aid to those affected.

2) In Japanese mythology, deities known as kami are revered and play integral roles in Shinto beliefs and practices. Figures such as Amaterasu (goddess of the sun), Susanoo (god of storms), and Izanagi and Izanami (creators of the world) feature prominently, along with legendary creatures like dragons and kitsune.

3) Native American mythology is incredibly diverse, with numerous tribes and cultures across North and South America having their own unique traditions and stories. It encompasses deities, nature spirits, tricksters, and heroes, reflecting the deep connection between indigenous peoples and the natural world.

4) The concept of proportional representation, used in some electoral systems, aims to ensure that political parties' representation in government aligns more closely with the proportion of votes they receive from the electorate.